Presumptive meanings :  the theory of generalized conversational implicature
Stephen C. Levinson
18225255
TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Conventions
Preface
Note to Students
Acknowledgments

Introduction

On the Notion of a Generalized Conversationl Implicature
    The Argument
    Grice's Program
    Three Layers versus Two in the Theory of Communication
    The Argument from Design : The Maxims as Heuristics
    A Typology of GCIs
            The First (Q) Heuristic
            The Second (I) Heuristic
            The Third (M) Heuristic
            Interactions Between Implicatures
    Non-monotonicity and Default Reasoning
            Typology of Nonmonotonic Reasoning Systems
            Nonmonotonic Inference and Implicature
            Investigating the Defeasibility of Scalar Implicatures    
    Against Reduction of GCIs to Nonce Speaker-Meaning
            Sperber-Wilson Relevance
            Implicature as Accommodation
    Generalized Implicature and Stable Patterns of Lexicalization
    Conclusions

The Phenomena
    Introduction
    The Q Principle
            Q Inferences
            Entailment Scales
            Q-Contrasts Based on Other Kinds of Lexical Opposition
            Residual Problems: Scalar Implicature, GCIs, and PCIs
            Clausal Implicatures
    Exploring I-Inferences
            Formulating the Maxim or Heuristic
            Some Prominent I-Implicatures
    M-Implicatures and Horn's Division of Labor
            Horn's (1994) Division of Pragmatic Labor
    The Joint Effect of Q-, I- and M-Implicatures
            The Projection Problem

Generalized Conversational Implicature and the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface
    Background
    The Received View: Semantics as Input to Pragmatics
            Grice's Circle: Implicatural Contributions to « What Is Said »
            Disambiguation
            Indexical Resolution
            Reference Identification
            Ellipsis Unpacking
            Generality Narrowing
            Some Interim Conclusions: Responses to Grice's Circle
    Intrusive Constructions
            Comparatives
            The Conditional
            Metalinguistic Negation and Other Negatives
            Conclusions Regarding Intrusive Constructions
    The Argument from Reference
            How Implicatures Can Determine Definite Reference
            Implicaturally Determined Reference and Donnellan's Referential Attributive Distinction
            The Obstinate Theorist's Final Retort on Reference
            Presemantic Pragmatics versus Postpragmatic Semantics
    Some Implications
            Disposing of the Existing Responses
            Modularity and Control
            Sag's Proposal and Possible Amplifications
            Kadmon's DRT Proposal and Possible Extensions
            Some Future Directions: DRT and Intrusive Constructions
            A Residual Problem: How to Get from Semantic Representations to Propositions
    Conclusions

Grammar and Implicature: Sentential Anaphora Reexamined
    Grammar and Implicature
    Implicature and Coreference
            The Pragmatics of Local Anaphora
            Inferring Coreference
            Inferring Disjoint Reference
    Binding Theory and Pragmatics
            Introduction
            The A-First Account: Pragmatic Reduction to Binding Conditions B and C
            The B-First Account, with a Pragmatic Reduction of Binding Conditions A and C
    The B-then-A Account: Synthesis of the A-First and B-First Accounts
    Conclusions
            Summary
            Pragmatics versus Parameters in Language Learning and Language Change
            Pragmatics and the Generative Program

Epilogue
    Predictive Power of the Theory of GCIs
    Presumptive Inference and General Reasoning
    Role of GCIs in Linguistic Theory

Notes

References

Name Index

Subject Index

14 septembre 2004