An introduction to database systems
C.J. Date
18169760
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
I. Preliminaries
1. An Overview of Database Management
What is a database system?
What is a database?
Why database?
Data independence
Relational systems and others
2. Database System Architecture
The three levels of the architecture
The external level
The conceptual level
The internal level
Mappings
The database administrator
The database management system
Data communications
Client/server architecture
Utilities
Distributed processing
3. An Introduction to Relational Databases
An informal look at the relational
model
Relations and relvars
What relations mean
Optimization
The catalog
Base relvars and views
Transactions
The suppliers-and-parts database
4. An Introduction to SQL
Overview
The catalog
Views
Transactions
Embedded SQL
Dynamic SQL and SQL/CLI
SQL is not perfect
II. The Relational Model
5. Types
Values v Variables
Types v Representations
Type Definition
Operators
Type generators
SQL facilities
6. Relations
Tuples
Relation types
Relation values
Relation variables
SQL facilities
7. Relational Algebra
Closure revisited
The original algebra : Syntax
The original algebra : Semantics
Examples
What is the algebra for?
Further points
Additional operators
Grouping and ungrouping
8. Relational Calculus
Tuple calculus
Examples
Calculus vs. algebra
Computational capabilities
SQL facilities
Domain calculus
Query-By-Example
9. Integrity
A closer look
Predicates and propositions
Relvar predicates and database predicates
Checking the constraints
Internal v external constraints
Correctness v consistency
Integrity and views
A constraint classification scheme
Keys
Triggers (a digression)
SQL facilities
10. Views
What are views for?
View retrievals
View updates
Snapshots (a digression)
SQL facilities
III. Database Design
11. Functional Dependencies
Basic definitions
Trivial and nontrivial
dependencies
Closure of a set of dependencies
Closure of a set
of attributes
Irreducible sets
of dependencies
12. Further Normalization I : 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
Nonloss decomposition
and functional dependencies
First, second, and
third normal forms
Dependency preservation
Boyce/Codd normal
form
A note on relation-valued
attributes
13. Further Normalization II : Higher Normal Forms
Multi-valued dependencies
and fourth normal form
Join dependencies
and fifth normal form
The normalization
procedure summarized
A note on denormalization
Orthogonal design
(a digression)
Other normal forms
14. Semantic Modeling
The overall approach
The E/R model
E/R diagrams
Database design
with the E/R model
A brief analysis
IV. Transaction Management
15. Recovery
Transactions
Transaction recovery
System recovery
Media recovery
Two-phase commit
Savepoints (a digression)
SQL facilities
16. Concurrency
Three concurrency
problems
Locking
The three concurrency
problems revisited
Deadlock
Serializability
Recovery revisited
Isolation levels
Intent locking
ACID dropping
SQL facilities
V. Further Topics
17. Security
Discretionary access
control
Mandatory access
control
Statistical databases
Data encryption
SQL facilities
18. Optimization
A motivating example
An overview of query
processing
Expression transformation
Database statistics
A divide-and-conquer
strategy
Implementing the
relational operators
19. Missing Information
An overview of
the 3VL approach
Some consequences
of the foregoing scheme
Nulls and keys
Outer join (a digression)
Special values
SQL facilities
20. Type Inheritance
Type hierarchies
Polymorphism and
substitutability
Variables and assignments
Specialization by
constraint
Comparisons
Operators, versions,
and signatures
Is a circle an ellipse?
Specialization by
constraint revisited
SQL facilities
21. Distributed Databases
Some preliminaries
The twelve objectives
Problems of distributed
systems
Client/server systems
DBMS independence
SQL facilities
22. Decision Support
Aspects of decision
support
Database design
for decision support
Data preparation
Data warehouses
and data marts
Online analytical
processing
Data mining
SQL facilities
23. Temporal Databases
What is the problem?
Intervals
Packing and unpacking
relations
Generalizing the
relational operators
Database work design
Integrity constraints
24. Logic-Based Databases
Overview
Propositional calculus
Predicate calculus
A proof-theoretic
view of databases
Deductive database
systems
Recursive query
processing
VI. OBJECTS, RELATIONS, AND XML
25. Object Databases
Objects, classes,
methods, and messages
A closer look
A cradle-to-grave
example
Miscellaneous issues
26. Object / Relational Databases
The First Great
Blunder
The Second Great
Blunder
Implementation issues
Benefits of true
rapprochement
SQL facilities
27. The World Wide Web and XML
The Web and the
Internet
An overview of XML
XML data definition
XML data manipulation
XML and databases
SQL facilities
APPENDIXES
Appendix A : The TransRelational™ Model
Three levels of abstraction
The basic idea
Condensed columns
Merged columns
Implementing the relational operators
Appendix B : SQL Expressions, Table Expressions, and Boolean Expressions
Appendix C : Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbol
Appendix D : Online storage structures and access methods, database access
: an overview, page sets and files, indexing, hashing, pointer chains, and
compression
techniques
Index
17 juin 2004